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Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, also known as Yugra (Russian: Ха́нты-Манси́йский автоно́мный о́круг — Югра́, Khanty-Mansiysky avtonomny okrug – Yugra), is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast). Population: 1,532,243 (2010 Census).

The people native to the region are the Khanty and the Mansi, known collectively as Ob Ugric people. The local languages, Khanty language and Mansi language, which are related to Hungarian, enjoy special status in the autonomous okrug, while Russian remains the only official language.

The majority (51%) of the oil produced in Russia comes from Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, giving the region great economic importance.

The territory's historical name was Yugra. The first written mention of the people inhabiting the "northern lands" was recorded in the Tale of Bygone Years in 1096. The chronicle tells of an unknown people called the Yugra (Ostyaks or Khanty) and Voguls (Mansi) encountered by Russian explorers. The narrative also makes the first mention of the Yugra's neighbors, the Samoyad (Nenets). Chronicles of the 12th and 13th century record frequent expeditions of Novgorodians to Yugra to collect tribute in sable, ermine, Arctic fox, and squirrel furs. There was an inexhaustible demand for luxury furs in Russia.